• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to an antenna (10) having at least one antenna element (12) arranged in a depression of a grounded conductor. A wall (16) of the recess is shaped so that the recess widens outwardly from a narrow base (17) in the interior of the recess to a wider mouth. The wall (16) is designed as a grounded surface for the at least one antenna element (12). The at least one antenna element (12) comprises a conductive plate disposed perpendicular to the mouth of the recess of the wall (16) and forms a slot between the edge (6) of the at least one antenna element (12) and the wall (16) of the recess.
    公开号:CH710383A2
    申请号:CH01464/15
    申请日:2015-10-09
    公开日:2016-05-13
    发明作者:Jamaly Nima
    申请人:Swisscom Ag；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Field of the invention
    The present invention relates to telecommunications antennas, and more particularly to arrangements of such antennas, and methods of providing them. More particularly, the disclosure relates to slot antennas, such as Vivaldi antennas and other types of slot antennas, and to the incorporation of such antennas.
    background
    The use of slot antennas for telecommunications has already been proposed.
    A Vivaldi antenna is an example of a slot antenna. In a Vivaldi antenna, a slot may be terminated at one end by a circular recess in a conductor, this recess having a diameter greater than the width of the slot. The slot is generally open at its other end and may have a curved tapered profile widening towards that open end, the width of this slot being an exponential function of position along the length of the slot.
    Summary of the invention
    Aspects and embodiments of the invention are set forth in the claims.
    Brief description of the drawings
    Only exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:<Tb> FIG. 1 <SEP> shows a schematic representation of a section through an antenna;<Tb> FIG. Fig. 2 <SEP> shows a schematic representation of a top view of the antenna of Fig. 1;<Tb> FIG. 3 <SEP> contains a series of schematic sectional views of antennas in Figs. 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D;<Tb> FIG. Fig. 4 <SEP> shows a schematic representation of a top view of an antenna;<Tb> FIG. Fig. 5 <SEP> shows a schematic representation of a top view of an antenna;<Tb> FIG. Fig. 6 <SEP> shows a schematic representation of a section through an antenna;<Tb> FIG. FIG. 7 shows a schematic representation of a plan view of the antenna of FIG. 6; FIG.<Tb> FIG. Fig. 8 illustrates a possibility of coupling antenna elements to a multi-channel telecommunication device;<Tb> FIG. 9A <SEP> is a schematic representation of a sectional view through an antenna;<Tb> FIG. Fig. 9B <SEP> is a schematic illustration of a sectional view through an antenna;<Tb> FIG. Fig. 10 <SEP> shows a schematic representation of a top view of an antenna;<Tb> FIG. Fig. 11 <SEP> is a sectional view of the antenna shown in Fig. 10;<Tb> FIG. 12 <SEP> shows an antenna; and<Tb> FIG. 13 <SEP> is a representation of a section through an antenna.
    In the drawings, like reference numerals are used to identify like elements.
    Specific description
    The drawings of Figures 1 to 5 all relate to telecommunications antennas having a slot antenna element 12 disposed in a recess. A wall 16 of the recess provides a ground plane for the antenna element 12. The antenna element 12 has a flat conductor, such as a conductive foil or plate, with at least a portion of an edge 6 of this conductor spaced from the wall 16 of the recess. The gap between the edge 6 of the antenna element 12 and the wall 16 of the recess forms a slot 14, which can be excited by the application of an electrical signal, so that the antenna element 12 and the wall 16 of the recess together behave as a slot antenna. For example, the antenna element 12 may be one-half of a slot antenna, and the image effect may result in behavior for the antenna element 12 and an imaged antenna element on the ground plane, or approximately like a complete slot antenna. The shape and size of the slot and the operating frequency of the signal used to operate the antenna element can determine its radiation pattern. These parameters may also determine the E-field configuration above the slot, which in turn may determine the resulting far-field radiation pattern of the antenna.
    The antenna element 12 may include a half Vivaldi antenna element 12. For example, the edge 6 of the antenna element 12 and / or the wall 16 of the recess may be curved so that the gap between the edge 6 and the wall 16 of the recess (eg, the width of the slot 14) will exponentially function the position along the slot 14 is. In some examples, the antenna element 12 may include a part-circular cut-out sector 18 disposed toward a closed end 22 of the slot in the interior of the recess. It should be noted in the present disclosure that the function of the cut-out is to present a path of higher impedance for signals within the bandwidth of the antenna bandwidth than the conducting path towards the open end of the slot, and thus this function can be met by any appropriate structure for changing the impedances.
    In operation, an image antenna, that is an electrical mirror image of the antenna element 12, may be provided by reflection of the signal on a wall 16 of the recess. This image antenna can contribute to the radiation pattern of the antenna. For example, the signal from the antenna may have two parts: the waves that propagate directly from the antenna element 12 to the point, and the waves that reach the same point from the antenna after reflection at the ground plane passing through the wall of the antenna Deepening is given. Because of the reflection, these second waves appear to come from a second antenna behind the ground plane, as a visible object in front of a flat mirror forms a virtual image that appears to be behind the mirror. This second apparent source of radio waves may be referred to as an image antenna element. It will be appreciated in the present disclosure that the tangential electric field at the (conductive) surface of the recess may be generally zero and that the reflection of electromagnetic fields at that surface may be determined by this constraint.
    As mentioned above, the antenna element 12 and the corresponding image antenna element can jointly act as a slot antenna. The slot 14 extends generally in the direction of the opening of the recess. For example, a closed end 22 of the slot 14 may be disposed toward the interior of the recess and the open end 20 of the slot 14 may be disposed toward the opening of the recess.
    A plurality of antenna elements 12 may be disposed in the recess and may be independently driven to provide multiple input and / or output channels. For example, the antenna may provide one input and / or output channel per antenna element 12. The shape of the edge 6 of the antenna elements and / or the shape of the wall 16 of the recess may be selected to shape the radiation pattern, such as the elevation angle of a center of the intensity of the radiation pattern, for example a maximum of the radiation pattern, with respect to the antenna adjust. From the present disclosure, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the pattern may also be changed dynamically or statically by exciting the various antenna elements 12, 12 with appropriate electrical signals.
    Fig. 1 shows a sectional view of the antenna, which is shown in plan view in Fig. 2. The section of Fig. 1 represents the view along the line 1-1 in Fig. 2.
    The telecommunications antenna in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 comprises four antenna elements 12, 12, which are arranged in a recess. As shown in plan view in Fig. 2, the antenna elements 12, 12 may be directed away from each other. For example, the antenna elements 12, 12 may be aligned in different azimuthal directions. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, they may be oriented in directions that differ by at least 90 degrees.
    The recess may have an open mouth 19 (eg the outer edge of the recess) and inclined walls 16 tapering inwardly from the mouth to a closed bottom 17 as shown in Figs provide grounded area for the antenna. For example, the walls 16 and bottom 17 of the recess may be formed by a conductor which may be grounded. The recess may be wider at its mouth 19 than at its bottom 17. For example, the recess may widen outwardly from a narrow (closed) bottom 17 to a wider, open mouth 19. The walls of the recess may be oriented obliquely inward from this open mouth. However, the walls of the recess may also be bent as shown in Figure 1 and may have a negative curvature.
    As shown in Figure 2, each antenna element 12 comprises a flat conductor having first and second major surfaces which may be perpendicular to one of the walls of the recess. And it can also be perpendicular to the mouth of the depression. For example, the antenna elements may stand upright in the recess and the edges of each antenna element 12 may be oriented such that the antenna element 12 is oriented from the interior of the recess (e.g., near its center) toward its outer edge (e.g., radially).
    The edge 6 of each antenna element 12 which is closest to the wall 16 of the recess has a distance from the wall 16 along at least part of its length. As explained above, this gap constitutes a slot 14 between this adjacent edge 6 and the wall 16. The slot 14 may be operated as an antenna for transmitting and receiving signals by the excitation of the antenna elements 12, 12 with an electrical signal. The image effect by the electric mirror image of the antenna element 12 on the grounded surface may form a radiation pattern common to that of a slot antenna.
    In the example illustrated in Fig. 1, the slot 14 of each antenna element 12 is closed at the end which is closest to the center of the recess. For example, the end of the antenna edge 6 that is closer to the interior (eg, center) of the recess may be DC coupled to the wall 16 of the recess, e.g. grounded, for example, by a conductive (e.g., DC conductive) coupling, for example, to the bottom 17 of the well. This closed end 22 of the slot 14 may also comprise a structure for tuning the impedance, e.g. the "cut-out" in the edge 6 of the antenna, which is near the wall 16 of the recess. As explained above, this structure may be a circular sector "cut-out" 18 and may be disposed between the DC grounded bottom at the closed end 22 of the slot 14 and the open end 20 of the slot 14, and may be near the closed end, for example 22 of the slot 14 be.
    The radius of this circular sector 18 may be a function of various desired antenna characteristics. For example, the radius of the sector-shaped region 18 may be selected based on a center frequency of a communication frequency band of the antenna.
    The other end of the slot 14 may be open, for example, the slot 14 may taper so that the edge 6 of the antenna element 12 is separated from the wall 16 of the recess by a gap narrower in the (closed) inner direction End 22 of the slot 14 is toward the open end 20 of the slot 14 toward the mouth of the recess. At least part of the edge 6 of the antenna element 12 may be straight, and as shown for example in FIG. 1, the edge 6 of the antenna element 12 may be straight between the sector-shaped area 18 and the end of the slot 14. Although not shown in Figure 1, a signal cable may be connected at or near the edge 6 of antenna element 12, for example, to part of the way between the partially circular region and the open end 20 of the slot 14. This may provide a feed point. from which the antenna element can be operated and / or from which a signal from the antenna element can be received (for example received).
    The circular sector 18 can be arranged so that for signals in a communication frequency band of the antenna, the impedance of the line path from the feed point to the closed end 22 of the slot higher, for example, significantly higher than the conduction path for these signals in the direction of the open end 20. The conductive material of the antenna element may provide a DC path to ground around the circular sector 18.
    Where the wall 16 of the recess is curved, as illustrated in Fig. 1, and the edge 6 of the antenna element 12 adjacent to the wall 16 is straight, the curvature of the wall 16 causes the slot 14 to intervene Antenna element 12 and wall 16 in the direction of its open end 20 (eg in the direction of the mouth of the recess) widened. This is just one example of the shape of a slot 14 between the antenna element 12 and the wall 16, and other examples may be considered.
    FIG. 3 shows a number of examples of how the antenna elements and / or the walls of the recess may be shaped to provide this slot 14. Figures 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D each represent other possible sections through an antenna configured as seen in plan view as shown in Figure 2. The examples in Fig. 3 each show antennas in which the slot 14 widens between the antenna elements and the wall 16 of the depression towards the mouth of the depression. Depending on the intended use of the antenna, one or more of these configurations may be used, and the design may be selected based on, for example, the desired shape of the far-field radiation pattern. For the embodiments shown in FIGS. 3A, 3C, and 3D, the angle of elevation of the far field radiation pattern may be greater (e.g., directed more toward the sky away from the azimuth plane), while for the arrangement shown in FIG. can be directed slightly to the azimuth. Each of these examples will now be explained in more detail.
    Fig. 3A shows an antenna comprising antenna elements whose edges are straight adjacent to the recess, but the slope of the edge 6 of the antenna elements is different from the angle of inclination of the wall 16 to which the edge 6 adjoins. As a result, the distance between the antenna element 12 and the wall 16 tapers linearly and the open end 20 of the slot 14 is wider than its closed end 22 within the recess. As shown, the antenna elements shown in FIG. 3A may also include a circular sector-shaped recess 18 at the inner end of the gap located between the edge 6 of the antenna and the wall 16 of the recess where the antenna element 12 is in conductive contact (FIG. eg DC coupled) with the wall 16 is located. At least part of the slot 14 does not need to taper, e.g. For example, the edge 6 of the antenna element 12 and the wall 16 of the recess may be parallel along at least part of the length of the edge 6 and / or the relative angle between the edge 6 of the antenna element 12 and the wall 16 of the recess may be along the length of the slot 14 at one or more points. Such an example is shown in FIG. 3B. Although not shown, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the antenna elements 12, 12 in Figs. 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D are similar to those shown in Figs. 1 and 2 and as discussed above to the recess can be DC coupled.
    FIG. 3B shows an antenna comprising antenna elements, each having a straight edge 6 between the open end 20 of the slot 14 and the circular sector 18 at the closed end 22 of the slot 14. Towards the closed end 22 of the slot 14, the wall 16 of the recess is parallel to the edge 6 of the antenna, and towards the open end 20 of the slot 14, the angle of inclination of the wall 16 of the recess is changed so that the wall 16 of the recess Groove away from the edge 6 of the antenna element 12. It will be appreciated that in the illustrated example, a portion of the wall 16 is parallel to the edge 6 of the antenna, but this parallel portion of the wall 16 may also be inclined from the edge 6 of the antenna along the slot 14, for example, the slope between the edge 6 of the antenna element 12 and the wall 16 of the recess at one or more locations along the length of the slot 14, for example at two points. In addition, the distance between the edge 6 of the antenna and the wall 16 of the recess may be stepped, for example the edge 6 of the antenna element 12 and the wall 16 of the recess may be parallel along at least two portions of the edge 6 of the antenna, but the distance between The wall 16 and the edge 6 of the antenna element 12 may be different in these two parallel sections and thus form a gap 14 with a stepped profile. The variation in the distance and / or the divergence between the edge 6 of the antenna element 12 and the wall 16 of the recess may be provided by the shape of the wall 16 of the recess or by the shape of the edge 6 of the antenna elements or by a combination of both. The distance and / or divergence between the edge 6 of the antenna element 12 and the wall 16 of the recess may be approximately an exponential function of position along the slot 14.
    It can be seen from Fig. 3B that the angle of inclination of the wall of the recess is shallower towards the open end of the slot than at the closed end of the slot. Therefore, the wall 16 of the recess diverges from the edge of the one antenna element 12. As noted above, the distance between the edge 6 of the antenna element 12 and the wall 16 of the recess may increase at one or more points along the length of the slot 14, for example at two places. As shown in cross-section of Fig. 3B, the wall between these points may be straight (e.g., flat). The wall shown in Fig. 3B has a first straight portion at the closed end of the slot, and a second straight portion between the first straight portion and the open end of the slot. The second straight section tilts more away from the edge of the antenna element than the first straight section. As a result, the example in Figure 3B shows how the distance between the edge 6 of the antenna element 12 and the wall 16 of the recess increases at a point along the length of the slot. However, there may be more than one of these points, for example two or more. In this case, the wall between the second flat portion and the open end of the slot has a third flat portion. This third flat portion may diverge more than the second flat portion from the edge of the antenna element.
    Fig. 13 shows an example of an antenna 12, wall 16 and 14 slot as described above.
    Fig. 3C shows an example of an antenna in which the edge 6 of the antenna element 12 is curved between the open end 20 of the slot 14 and the sector-shaped cut-out 18 at the closed end 22 of the slot 14. The walls of the recess may be straight, for example, they may have a constant angle of inclination. At the closed end 22 of the slot 14, adjacent to the sector-shaped cut-out 18, the edge 6 of the antenna element 12 can diverge very little from the wall 16 of the recess, e.g. be parallel to the wall of the depression. However, the edge 6 of the antenna element 12 may be curved as shown in Fig. 3C, so that the edge 6 of the antenna element 12 more of the wall 16 of the recess towards the open end 20 of the slot 14 (eg towards the mouth of the recess) This rise in inclination 12 can cause a distance between the edge 6 of the antenna element and the wall 16 of the recess which behaves like an exponential function of position along the slot 14, for example the edge 6 of the Antenna element 12 follow an exponential curve. Other types of curved and straight or partially straight edges may also be used.
    Fig. 3D illustrates an example in which the wall 16 of the recess is straight, e.g. has a constant tilt angle, but where the angle of the edge 6 of the antenna varies at one or more points along its length. Along a first portion of the edge 6, adjacent to the sector-shaped cut-out 18 towards the closed end 22 of the slot 14, the divergence between the antenna element 12 and the wall 16 of the recess may be very small, for example parallel. Further along the edge 6 of the antenna element 12 in the direction of the open end 20 of the slot 14, the angle of the edge 6 of the antenna element 12 may be changed to increase the divergence between the edge 6 of the antenna element 12 and the wall 16 of the recess. It will therefore be appreciated that the antenna may include slots having one or more straight tapered sections. The variation of the distance between the edge 6 of the antenna element 12 and the wall 16 of the recess may be effected by a change in the angle of inclination of the straight portions of the wall 16 of the recess (as in Fig. 3B) or by changes in the inclination angle of the edge 6 of the antenna element 12, as in Fig. 3D, or by a combination of both. In addition, the wall 16 of the recess (as in Fig. 1) or the edge 6 of the antenna element 12 (as shown in Fig. 3C) or both may be curved. These different geometries can also be applied to different antenna elements in the same antenna.
    Other variations are also within the scope of the appended claims. For example, the example described above with reference to FIG. 2 includes four antenna elements, but it should be understood that a greater or lesser number of antenna elements may be used.
    Fig. 4 shows such an example in which the antenna comprises three antenna elements. The recess as shown in Fig. 4 comprises an inverted triangular pyramidal shape, for example, a recess shaped as an inverted truncated pyramid. The antenna elements 12 are each aligned as shown in Fig. 4 so that they are aligned at an angle of 120 ° to each other when the antenna is viewed in plan view. It is understood that antenna elements with other relative orientations can also be used. For example, the antenna elements may be oriented so that the angle between them is at least 90 °, as illustrated in FIG. 1, but the angle between them may also be smaller, as illustrated, for example, in FIG. It also becomes clear that differently shaped depressions can be used.
    Fig. 5 shows an example in which the recess comprises a different open polyhedral shape as shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 4. As shown in Fig. 5, the recess may comprise any number of oblique walls, for example five oblique walls, and may be frusto-conical. The bottom 17 of the recess may be flat or curved. As also illustrated in Figure 5, the antenna elements may be oriented so that the angle between them when the antenna is viewed in plan is less than 90 °.
    Other configurations may also be used. For example, the description presents a telecommunications antenna having a plurality of antenna elements disposed on a common ground plane 32. As shown in Figure 6, the common ground plane 32 may be flat.
    As described above, the edge 6 of each antenna element 12 may be spaced from that common ground plane 32 to provide a slot 14 between the edge 6 of each antenna element 12 and the common ground plane 32 of the antenna. The antenna elements 12 may each comprise conductive plates arranged as half-slot antennas (e.g., half-Vivaldi antennas). As also described above, the slot 14 between the edge 6 may be closed by an antenna element 12 and this common ground plane at one end, for example, the antenna element 12 may be grounded by connection to the ground plane 32 at the closed end 22 of the slot 14. The impedance matching structure, such as a circular sector cutout 18, may be positioned towards this closed end 22 of the slot 14 to provide a high impedance path at the edge 6 from the slot 14 further toward the open end 20 to the closed (DC grounded) end of the slot 14 to form. This circular sector cutout 18 may have the features described above with reference to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3.
    The edges of the antenna elements may be shaped such that the slot 14 between the antenna element 12 and the common ground plane 32 has at least the feature of an exponential curve, a linear taper, or at least a change in the angle of the slot 14 which defines the slot 14 widens in the direction of its open end 20 out.
    It is understood that the slots of the antenna elements may be directed away from each other, for example, at an angle of at least 900 in the plan view, as illustrated in Fig. 7.
    Each antenna element 12 may have a signal connection to connect an RF signal to or from the antenna, for example from slot 14. These may comprise a conductive (eg, ohmic) connection to a signal cable, and the connection may be in the Near the edge of the antenna element 12, which is disposed near the ground plane 32. It may, for example, be arranged on one of the main surfaces of the antenna element 12, and it may also be arranged on the edge 6 of the antenna element 12.
    Where the antenna comprises a plurality of antenna elements, each of them may be coupled to its own transmitting and / or receiving channel of a telecommunication device for transmitting and / or receiving signals. Figure 8 is a schematic illustration of one possible way to connect the antennas according to the present disclosure for transmitting and receiving signals.
    Fig. 8 shows a schematic view of a telecommunication device comprising multi-channel transmitter and / or receiver 28. As shown in FIG. 8, the transceiver 28 may have at least two separate transmit / receive channels 24, 26. Each of these channels 24, 26 may be coupled to separate antenna elements 12, 12 of an antenna for transmitting and / or receiving signals, as described or claimed herein, for example.
    As shown in Fig. 8, the walls of the recess include conductive surfaces 16 which may be grounded. The antenna elements may be DC coupled to the walls of the recess and / or at the closed end 22 of the slot 14 to ground. A transmit / receive coupling to each antenna element 12 may be coupled to a feed point 34, 34, and the circular sector shaped cutout 18, 18 'in the slot 14 may provide high impedance in the conduction path to the closed end 22 of the slot 14.
    In the present disclosure, it is clear that in the embodiment of Fig. 6, the antenna element is not in a depression. It is also shown in FIG. 8 that one or more of the antenna elements may protrude partially beyond the mouth of the depression. For example, an edge of the antenna element (e.g., an outer edge opposite the slot) may extend beyond the recess, for example, it may protrude beyond the mouth of the recess.
    It is therefore clear from a consideration of the drawings that the recess is optional, and that if a recess is provided, the antenna elements need not be completely in this recess.
    In some embodiments, the distance between a signal feed point 34, 34 at the edge of the antenna and the center of curvature of the sector shaped cutout 18, 18 may also be related to the center frequency and / or the bandwidth of the communication frequency band of the antenna relative to (FIG. eg for determination). For example, this distance and radius may be selected together to provide a desired center frequency and bandwidth. In some embodiments, the distance from the center of the circle 18, 18 to the feed point 34, 34 is selected to be one-quarter wavelength of the signal at the center frequency, and the radius of the circle can then be selected to be that desired Bandwidth is provided (eg the radius can be chosen to increase the bandwidth by the desired center frequency). For example: the distance between the feed point and the center of the circle can be set to be about 30 mm, a quarter of the wavelength for a center frequency of about 2400 MHz. In some examples, the radius of the sector-shaped section may be about 10 mm.
    In some embodiments, one or more of the antenna elements 12, 12 of an antenna may be configured to have different frequency characteristics. For example, each antenna element 12, 12 may support a different portion of the required frequency range. For example, the radius of the sector-shaped section 18, 18 'of each antenna element may be different to provide antenna elements with different bandwidths. In some embodiments, at least one antenna element may have a different distance between the feed point 34, 34 and the center of its circular sector cutout 18, 18 than at least one other antenna element 12, 12, such that the different antenna elements have different portions of the bandwidth of the whole antenna take. The bandwidths of the individual antenna elements 12, 12 may be at least partially overlapping, or they may be different, for example non-overlapping.
    In some embodiments, the orientation and / or spacing between the antenna elements 12, 12 may be selected, for example, to reduce the degree of electromagnetic coupling between the antenna elements.
    Fig. 9A is an example of an antenna as shown in Fig. 1 and described with reference to this drawing. In Figs. 1 and 9A, like elements are identified by like reference numerals.
    It can be seen that the antenna elements 12 each comprise a conductive planar body, which may consist of a metal plate. At least one of these antenna elements 12 may include an elongated line inhibitor, for example a slot in its conductive body.
    These conduction inhibitors may be arranged to inhibit the flow of surface current in the longitudinal direction on the conductive body, for example, along the outer edge of the antenna element farthest (eg, on the opposite side of the antenna element, away from) the ground 17 of the recess is removed. An example of such current inhibition is illustrated in FIG. 9A.
    In the example shown in Fig. 9A, the line inhibition 121 is represented as a gap, for example as an air gap. Such gaps may be elongate, for example they may be longer than they are wide, for example in the form of a slot. In Fig. 9A, the elongated gap extends to the outer edge of the antenna element. Slots such as this may be arranged transversely to this outer edge, for example, the length of the slit may be aligned with the edge 6 of the antenna element which is closest to the wall 16 of the recess 14. For example, the slot may be approximately parallel to this edge 6.
    It is understood that Fig. 9A can also be considered as follows - the antenna element 12 is modified by an elongated recess or slot 121. In the example of FIG. 9A, the slot 121 may be considered to be a substantially vertical section through the top edge of the antenna element 12 approximately parallel to the edge 6.
    Fig. 9B shows another example of an antenna. It can be seen from Fig. 9B that the antenna of Fig. 9B is another example of the type of antenna shown in the other drawings, particularly in Fig. 9A.
    In the example of FIG. 9B, at least one of the antenna elements includes current blocking that inhibits the longitudinal flow of surface currents towards the trailing edge of that antenna element (eg, the edge of the antenna that lies within the recess opposite the edge 6 closest to it is on the wall of the depression). It can be seen in FIG. 9B that, as in FIG. 9A, this current inhibition can also be provided by a gap, such as a slot, in the conductive body of an antenna element 12.
    This current-inhibiting slot may extend transversely to the inner edge of the antenna element. As a result, in the illustrated arrangement in FIG. 9B, the slot is also aligned with the outer edge of the antenna element 12. It can be seen in Fig. 9B that the end of this slot need not be perpendicular to its sides. For example, the end may be bevelled. In other words, the long side walls of the slot may be transverse to the inner edge while the (shorter) end wall may be aligned with the edge 6 of the slot closest to the edge of the recess.
    In one example of such an arrangement, an antenna element 12 is modified by an elongated recess or slot 121. This slot 121 may be a substantially horizontal, parallel to the upper edge extending section in the vertical edge, which is opposite to the edge 6 of the antenna element.
    In accordance with the present disclosure, it has been found that while longitudinal surface currents along the edge 6 of the antenna element 12 can be considered as part of the desired emission characteristics or pattern of the antenna, longitudinal surface currents along other edges do not contribute to the desired emission. Current inhibitions, such as recesses or cuts in these edges, can control (e.g., restrict, e.g., reduce) such unwanted longitudinal surface currents. The effect on limiting the longitudinal surface current through a horizontal slot 121, as shown in Fig. 9B, is typically greater than that of a vertical slot 121 as shown in Fig. 9A.
    In some examples, the width of the current blocking slot 121, 121 may be selected to inhibit (e.g., limit) unwanted longitudinal surface current while maintaining the bandwidth of the antenna. For example, the slot may be narrow so that it does not reduce the conductive surface of the antenna element too much. According to the present disclosure, it can be seen that reducing the area of the antenna element (used to accumulate charge) can have an undesirable effect on bandwidth.
    In other examples, current blocking or slot 121, 121 may be present in more than one of the antenna elements 12, and may be distributed symmetrically, for example, to the antenna elements. In one example, antenna elements 12 may each have a slot 121 therein, similar to that shown in FIG. 9A, but with respective slots 121 in both elements. In another example, the antenna elements 12 may each have a slot 121, similar to that shown in FIG. 9B, but with corresponding slots 121 in both elements.
    In another example, each antenna element 12 may include a slot 121, 121, wherein the slot 121, 121 of each antenna element has a different shape and / or orientation. In yet another example, each antenna element 12 may have a slot 121, 121, the slots being of a symmetrical nature.
    It has also been recognized that the precise alignment, length and / or width of current blocking affect the input impedance of the antenna. Embodiments of the invention therefore provide a method of designing an antenna.
    This method comprises the choice of an array of planar, conductive antenna elements such as those described above and the choice of the arrangement of the wall of the recess, for example the selection of the orientation, the length and / or the width of a slot in at least one of the antenna elements to achieve a desired input impedance of the antenna. This selection can be done empirically, for example by testing a physical antenna and / or for example by numerical modeling of the antenna, for example by a finite element model. This method may include providing data describing the orientation of such slots for use in a manufacturing device that manufactures the antennas.
    It will also be understood that FIG. 9B may also be considered as follows: the antenna element 12 is modified by an elongate recess or slot 121. In the example of FIG. 9B, the slot 121 may be considered to be a substantially horizontal section through the vertical edge opposite the edge 6 of the antenna element 12, approximately parallel to the top edge.
    While longitudinal surface currents along edge 6 of antenna element 12 may be considered as part of the desired emission characteristics or emission patterns of the antenna, longitudinal surface currents along other edges do not contribute to the desired emission. Recesses or cuts in these edges can be used to control the longitudinal surface streams. The effect of a horizontal slot 121 on the boundary of the longitudinal surface current is usually greater than that of a vertical slot 121. The width of the slot 121.121 should not be too large, otherwise it reduces the area of the wing leading to the accumulation of charges is used and that has an immediate effect on the bandwidth. The precise alignment, length and / or width of the slots on an antenna element affect the input impedance of the antenna and are typically numerically optimized to achieve or maintain the desired input impedance.
    Fig. 10 is an example of an antenna as shown in Fig. 1 and described with reference to this drawing. In Fig. 1 and Fig. 10, like elements are identified by like reference numerals.
    Fig. 10 shows an example of an antenna including four scatterers 161. It has been recognized in the present disclosure that such scatterers may be disposed on the inner surface of the wall 16 of the recess, e.g. on the surface, which points in the direction of the antenna elements. In this position, for example, they can inhibit, for example reduce, the transmission of horizontally polarized signal from the antenna.
    [0064] Horizontally polarized signals are generally generated by the longitudinal surface currents described above. The scattering elements 161 may be configured to reflect and diffuse a substantial portion of this radiation caused by these longitudinal surface currents. For example, the scattering elements 161 may be arranged to reflect and scatter horizontally polarized signal.
    In the example illustrated in FIG. 10, each of the four scattering elements 161 is placed between different adjacent antenna elements 12. For example, the scattering elements and the antenna elements are arranged at different staggered angular positions along the wall of the recess 16. The scattering elements 161 shown in Fig. 10 rise from the wall 16 of the recess and have a generally dome-shaped, for example, spherical section-like shape and are arranged at 90 ° intervals at equidistant intervals between each of the antenna elements 12, which also spaced at 90 ° intervals.
    It is understood that the scattering elements 161 may take any suitable form, e.g. an ellipsoidal shape, such as a spherical segment shape such as a hemisphere. In other examples, the scattering elements 161 may have an ovate shape, for example a partially ovate shape, for example a portion of an egg. For example, in further examples, the scattering elements 161 may assume geometric shapes, for example, a portion of a polyhedron, such as a dodecahedron. Other examples of the scattering elements 161 may take the form of a more general curvature, such as a cylindrical shape, such as a rounded cylinder.
    However, it has been found that a generally spherical segment-shaped or hemispherical shape is particularly effective in reflecting and scattering a substantial portion of the horizontally polarized radiation caused by the longitudinal flow of the surface current on or on each antenna 12. Of course, it should be understood that the shape of the scatterers 161 is selected based on the desired frequency range, bandwidth, and size of the antenna.
    In addition, it has been found that, for example, in the placement of the scattering elements 161 on the base, that is, on the wall 16 of the recess of the antenna, unwanted horizontally polarized signals emanating from the antenna can be reduced, for example, can be converted into vertical polarization. It has been found that in the case of antennas of this kind vertical polarization is more advantageous than horizontal polarization.
    Fig. 11 shows a section along the line 11-11 in Fig. 10 and shows the profile of two of the scattering elements 161. As can be seen in Fig. 11, and discussed above, the scattering elements 161 are grounded, and in this example, forms part of the base 16 of the antenna. In other examples, the scattering centers 161 may be attached to the base 16, such as by attachment, such as by welding.
    Further, as shown in the example of FIG. 11, it is clear that the scattering elements 161 are arranged on the base 16 so as to be located outside the radius on which the circular recess 18 of the or each antenna element 12 is disposed ,
    In accordance with the present disclosure, while longitudinal surface currents along edge 6 of antenna element 12 may be considered as part of the desired emission characteristics or emission patterns of the antenna, longitudinal surface currents along other edges do not contribute to the desired emission. Scattering elements 161, such as the hemispherical scattering elements 161 discussed above, may serve to reduce (e.g., restrict, e.g., reduce) such undesirable longitudinal surface currents.
    In some examples, particularly where the size of the antenna is limited, the scattering elements 161 may be placed in the reactive region of the antenna elements 12. In such a case, the scattering elements 161 may have an effect on the coupling between adjacent antenna elements 12. In accordance with the present disclosure, it has been found that attaching the scattering elements 161 in the reactive region about the antenna elements can have an undesirable effect on the bandwidth and / or range of the antenna.
    In the above examples, while the line retardation 121 is shown as a gap, in other examples, the line retardation 121 may comprise an insert of material, for example, a non-conductive material, for example, a foam of dielectric material. In other examples, the line inhibition may include thinning out the material of the antenna element 12, for example by removing material from the antenna element 12, for example by milling a portion of the antenna element 12, or otherwise creating a depression. More than one line inhibition may be provided in each antenna element. Not all of the antenna elements must necessarily contain line inhibitors.
    In this embodiment, the wall 16 of the recess has a frusto-conical shape. Within the recess and on each side of an antenna element 12 are scattering elements 161. The scattering elements 161 of the example in FIGS. 10 and 11 are dome-shaped projections of the wall 16 of the recess. With the exception of these dome-shaped projections of the wall 16 of the recess consists essentially of three frustoconical sections with three different angles of inclination. As shown in Fig. 11, the inclination angle of the portions increases in the direction of the center of the antenna.
    The presence of scatterers may be used to reflect and scatter a portion of the radiation pattern caused by longitudinal surface current within the antenna elements. Especially at higher frequencies, the scattering elements 161 can be used to keep the shape of the emission patterns of the antenna similar to the shape that results in a negligible effect of these currents, e.g. at lower frequencies, is found.
    Furthermore, it may be helpful to select a smooth, preferably approximately hemispherical, shape for the scattering elements 161 so as to partially convert the polarization of the laterally emitted field into a more useful polarization.
    To achieve a more compact design of the antenna, the diffusers 161 may be mounted in the space between the antenna elements 12, with each diffuser 161 being shared between two adjacent (circumferentially) antenna elements. However, if the scatterers are near the center of the antenna, they can affect the input impedance, particularly at lower frequencies, and especially the coupling between the two adjacent antenna elements. Thus, the exact shape, size and / or location of the scattering elements are typically optimized by numerical methods and simulations. The center of each diffuser in an antenna of frusto-conical shape is best located near the periphery connecting the feed points of each antenna element.
    Another example of an antenna is shown in FIG. The antenna in FIG. 12 comprises four antenna elements 12, which in the example in FIG. 12 are the antenna elements 12. The antenna 12 in Fig. 12 further comprises four scattering elements 161, which in the example of Fig. 12 are shown as spherical portion-shaped scattering elements 161. The antenna in Fig. 12 further includes a base 16, 1614, which includes a peripheral region 1600, a lip portion 1610, a sloped portion 1611, and a central portion 1614. The inclined portion 1611 in Fig. 12 has an open truncated cone shape, more specifically, a two-part truncated cone shape having an upper portion 1612 which is shallower in comparison with the central portion 1614 than the lower portion 1613.
    The four antenna elements 12 are fixed to the central portion 1614, evenly spaced at 90 ° with respect to each other, and the base 16 constitutes a grounded surface for the antenna elements 12. The four spherical portion scattering elements 161 shown in FIG are typically disposed in the upper portion 1612 of the inclined portion 1611 of the base 16 at a uniform 90 ° spacing and each between the antenna elements 12, with each scattering element 161 placed approximately midway between two antenna elements 12.
    In the example shown in FIG. 12, the edge region 1600 of the base includes equally spaced attachment points 1620, which in the example in FIG. 12 are shown as semi-circular cutouts.
    In some embodiments, antenna elements that are directed away from each other may be coupled to a common transmit and / or receive signal.
    The communication frequency band of the antenna and / or individual antenna elements may include one or more frequency bands associated with a telecommunication standard, for example a frequency band associated with the LTE or 3GPP telecommunication standards or with one or more other telecommunication standards and / or protocols.
    The above embodiments are to be understood as illustrative examples. Some embodiments are described and illustrated with a certain number of antenna elements, but it will be understood that a greater or lesser number of such elements may be used. Other embodiments are contemplated. It is understood that each element described in connection with one embodiment can be used in isolation or in combination with other described features, and also in combination with one or more features of one of the other embodiments or in combination with one of the other embodiments can be used. Furthermore, equivalents and modifications not described in the above may also be used without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
    With reference to the drawings in general, it will be understood that schematic functional block diagrams are used to indicate functionality of systems and devices described herein. It should be understood, however, that functionality should not be so divided, and should not be interpreted as implying a particular structure of hardware other than those described and claimed below. The function of one or more of the elements depicted in the drawings may be further subdivided and / or distributed throughout the disclosure device. In some embodiments, the functions of one or more elements shown in the drawings may be integrated into a single functional unit.
    In some embodiments, the antenna includes a dielectric cover, such as an antenna dome. For example, the cover may include a material such as fiberglass. The cover may be configured to support sufficient load and allow the antenna to be installed in a load-bearing surface such as a street or walkway. For example, the cover may have sufficient tensile and / or compressive strength to support loads of at least 100 kg, or, for example, at least 200 kg. In some embodiments, the cover has a thickness and / or selected thickness, at least in part depending on the width of the recess, to allow the cover to support the load associated with a human body or a vehicle such as a car. For example, this may be a vehicle of at least 10 tons or at least 40 tons in weight. In some embodiments, the manhole cover may include metal rather than dielectric material.
    The cover may be a manhole cover designed to withstand the application of a load of at least 100 kN. And the lid can be configured to withstand on its top the testing procedures provided by standard EN 124-D400, with the manhole cover in its normal position and possibly a bearing surface around the edge (of at least 5 mm) at the edge of its lower surface having. Examples of suitable materials are available from Industrie Polieco - M.P.B. S.r.l. - Via E. Mattei 49 - 25046 Cazzago S.Martino (BS) - Italy. The material of the cover can have a thickness of around 40 mm and can withstand a very high pressure.
    It will be understood that antennas are described herein that provide an antenna having at least one antenna element disposed in a well of a grounded conductor, wherein a wall of the recess is disposed so that the recess faces outwardly from a narrow base within the well Recess to a wider mouth tapers and the wall is designed to provide a grounded area for the at least one antenna element, and wherein the at least one antenna element has a conductive plate which is perpendicular to the mouth of the recess and to the wall, and a gap between the edge of the at least one antenna element and the wall of the recess provides.
    In one aspect, there is provided a telecommunications antenna comprising at least one semi-Vivaldi antenna element mounted in a recess, the recess providing a grounded plane for the at least one half-Vivaldi antenna element. The at least one half-Vivaldi antenna element may have a slot between its edge and a wall of the recess. The at least one half-Vivaldi antenna element may comprise a conductive plate, which is arranged perpendicular to an opening of the recess. In one embodiment, the slot is aligned towards the mouth of the recess.
    In one aspect, there is provided a telecommunications antenna comprising at least one antenna element disposed in a recess, the recess providing a grounded surface for the at least one antenna element and the antenna element comprising a conductive plate disposed perpendicular to the mouth of the recess is and has a distance from a wall of the recess and thus forms a slot between an edge of the conductive plate and the wall of the recess.
    In one embodiment, the slot widens toward the mouth of the recess such that the shape of the slot includes at least one of the following: an exponential curve, a linear taper, a stepped profile and at least one change in the angle of the slot ,
    In one embodiment, the telecommunications antenna comprises at least two of the antenna elements in the recess. In one embodiment, the slots of the at least two antenna elements are oriented differently, for example by aligning the slots in different azimuthal directions. In one embodiment, that directed in different directions includes orientations that differ by at least 90 degrees.
    In one embodiment, the wall of the recess comprises a flat surface and the at least one antenna element is arranged perpendicular to the flat surface.
    In one embodiment, the flat surface widened from a narrow tip in the depression to a wider base at the mouth of the depression. In one embodiment, the wall of the recess presents an open polyhedral shape.
    In one embodiment, the wall of the recess comprises a curved surface and the at least one antenna element is arranged perpendicular to the curved surface.
    In one embodiment, the curved surface has a negative curvature, so that the inclination of the surface decreases towards the edge of the recess.
    In one embodiment, the wall of the recess is an open inverted truncated cone.
    In one embodiment, the recess is one of the following: (i) open and (ii) surrounded by a non-conductive material such as a dielectric antenna dome.
    In one aspect, a telecommunications antenna is provided that includes a common grounded surface and a plurality of antenna elements, each including a conductive plate disposed perpendicular to the common grounded surface, wherein the edge of each antenna element is spaced from the grounded surface is and forms a slot between the antenna element and the common grounded surface.
    In one embodiment, the slot includes at least one of the following: an exponential curve, a linear taper, and at least one change in the angle of the slot such that the slot widens toward an open end of the slot.
    In one embodiment, the slots of the antenna elements are directed away from each other.
    In an embodiment, facing away from each other, orientations that differ by at least 90 degrees.
    In one embodiment, the telecommunications antenna comprises at least two antenna elements, the telecommunications antenna comprising at least two signal couplings, each for coupling to a corresponding one of the at least two antenna elements, for driving the antenna element with respect to the grounded plane.
    In one embodiment, the telecommunications antenna comprises at least three of the antenna elements, wherein at least two of the antenna elements are arranged so that they can transmit or receive at least one common signal. In one embodiment, at least two antenna elements are arranged so that they can be driven together. In one embodiment, the telecommunications antenna comprises at least two antenna elements, wherein the characteristic of the first of the antenna elements differs from the characteristic of the second of the antenna elements. In one embodiment, the characteristic is selected from the list that includes at least one of: the input impedance, the bandwidth, and the transmit / receive band of the antenna element. In one embodiment, at least one of the following is selected to provide characteristics: taper of the slot, thickness of the plate, and inductance of the conductive return path through the antenna element for grounding. In one embodiment, at least one antenna element comprises a circular sector shaped to select the impedance of the conductive return path through the antenna element for grounding.
    In one embodiment, the radius of the circular sector-shaped cutout is chosen to be one quarter of a design wavelength of the antenna. In one embodiment, the characteristic of the first of the antenna elements is selected based on a characteristic of another antenna element of the telecommunications antenna. In one embodiment, the telecommunications antenna comprises a plurality of antenna elements, wherein, for example, at least two of the antenna elements are arranged to provide different bandwidth and / or a different center frequency. In one embodiment, the plurality of antenna elements each comprise a circular sector segment, wherein the radius of the circular sector segment of a particular antenna element is selected to determine the bandwidth of the particular antenna element.
    In one embodiment, the plurality of antenna elements each comprise a feed point for coupling the antenna element to a signal cable and a sector-shaped cutout, wherein the positioning of the feed point to the circular sector cutout is chosen to set the center frequency of each antenna element.
    In one embodiment, the center frequencies of at least two of the antenna elements are different.
    In one embodiment, the bandwidths of at least two of the antenna elements overlap at least partially.
    In one embodiment, the bandwidths of at least two of the antenna elements are at least partially different.
    In one embodiment, the antenna is configured to provide a plurality of I / O channels.
    In one embodiment, the antenna is configured to provide a transmit channel per antenna element.
    In one embodiment, the antenna is configured to transmit and / or receive at least four independent signals, for example to provide a 4x4 MIMO antenna.
    In one embodiment, the antenna comprises a cover which makes it possible to install the antenna in a lane.
    One embodiment provides a machine readable card or machine readable instructions to enable a 3D printer to fabricate the telecommunications antenna described herein.
    The telecommunication antenna may be configured to provide one receive channel per antenna element.
    The at least one antenna element may protrude from the recess. For example, may protrude from the recess that an edge of the antenna element, opposite the slot protrudes beyond the mouth of the recess. The wall of the depression may be arranged diverging from the edge of the at least one antenna. To the open end of the slot, the angle of inclination of the wall of the recess may be shallower than towards the closed end of the slot, so that the wall of the recess extends away from the edge of the at least one antenna element. A wall of the recess may include a first straight section at the closed end of the slot and a second straight section between the first straight section and the open end of the slot, the second straight section being more remote from the edge of the antenna element than the first straight section , The wall may also include a third straight section between the second straight section and the open end of the slot, the third straight section being more remote from the edge of the antenna element than the second straight section. The edge of the antenna element may be straight, for example the edge closest to the wall of the recess may be straight.
    The antenna element may comprise a conductive body and at least one line inhibitor to inhibit the flow of surface currents on the conductive body. For example, conduction inhibition is used to inhibit the flow of surface current along an outer edge of the antenna element farthest from a base (17) of the recess (14). For example, line inhibition may be used to inhibit the flow of surface current along an inner edge of the antenna element that is opposite that edge (6) of the antenna element that is closest to the wall of the recess (14). In one embodiment, such an antenna has a first conduction inhibition to inhibit flow of surface current along an inner edge of the antenna element which is opposite that edge (6) of the antenna element closest to the wall of the recess (14) and a second line inhibition to inhibit the flow of surface current along an outer edge of the antenna element farthest from a base (17) of the recess (14).
    A surface of the ground plane may include a diffuser protruding from the surface.
    The diffuser may be disposed on an inner surface of the recess formed by the conductor of the grounded surface. The scattering elements may comprise rounded elevations, for example spherical segment-shaped, egg-shaped or spherical elevations, for example hemispherical elevations.
    One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method of use in the manufacture of an antenna, the method comprising: selecting a configuration of a flat, conductive antenna element in a cavity formed by a grounded conductor, selecting design Wall of the depression; the configuration of the wall and antenna element being such that the recess widened from the interior of the recess to a wider mouth and the at least one antenna element comprises a conductive plate disposed perpendicular to the mouth of the recess and the wall to the outside of tapering a narrow base and creating a slot between the edge of the at least one antenna element and the wall of the recess; wherein the selection is based on at least one of the following: a bandwidth and an input impedance of the antenna.
    In one embodiment, the method includes at least one of: selecting the orientation, length, and width of at least one current arrest in the antenna element, wherein the selection is based on at least one of a bandwidth and an input impedance of the antenna.
    In one embodiment, the method includes selecting an array of scattering elements on an inner surface of the wall of the recess, wherein the array of scattering elements is selected to suppress horizontally polarized signal of the antenna.
    In one embodiment, the method is implemented with a computer and includes numerical modeling of the antenna to select the arrays based on the modeled input impedance, bandwidth, or radiation pattern of the antennas.
    In one embodiment, the method comprises at least the partial production of the antennas.
    Also described herein is an antenna comprising: four antenna elements, four sphere-shaped scattering elements, a base having an upper edge portion, a lip portion, a sloped portion and a central portion, the four antenna elements mounted on the central portion of the base, DC grounded and are mounted with respect to each other at a uniform distance at 90 °. The four spherical segment scattering elements are carried by the inclined portion of the base and are evenly spaced 90 ° apart; each of the four spherical-segment-shaped scattering elements are arranged between and at the same distance from respective two of the antenna elements. The base is configured to provide a ground plane for each antenna element and a signal coupling between them to drive each of the antenna elements. The inclined part of the base is an open truncated cone and is formed of an upper inclined portion and a lower inclined portion, the upper inclined portion having a smaller inclination with respect to the central portion than the lower inclined portion. And each of the antenna elements includes a semi-circular cutout near a base portion of the antenna.
    Such an antenna may have one or more of these characteristics of each antenna described or claimed herein.
    In any of the antennas described or claimed herein, the at least one antenna element may have one or more recesses along its upper horizontal edge that is parallel to the mouth of the Vivaldi antenna and / or along the vertical edge of the edge (6) ) is opposite the Vivaldi antenna.
    Each antenna described or claimed herein may further include diffuser elements (161) mounted on or protruding from both sides of the at least one of the antenna elements (12) on the wall of the recess. In one embodiment, a diffuser element (161) is located near a periphery of the wall (16) of the recess which passes through the feed points of the antenna elements.
    The antenna can be manufactured by assembling prefabricated components, such as metal plates, which are soldered or welded together. Other manufacturing methods can also be used. For example, the antenna may be fabricated by "3D printing" wherein a three-dimensional model of the antenna is sent in machine-readable form to a 3D printer capable of fabricating the antenna. This can be done by additive processes such as extrusion deposition, electron beam freeform fabrication (EBF), granule fusion, lamination, photopolymerization or stereolithography, or a combination of these techniques. The machine-readable model comprises a spatial map of the object to be printed, usually in the form of a Cartesian coordinate system, which defines the surfaces of the object. This spatial map may include a computer file that may be provided in any of a number of file formats. An example of a file format is the STL (stereo-lithography file), which may consist of American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) or binary and which defines surfaces by triangular surfaces with defined normals and vertices. An alternative file format is AMF (Additive Manufacturing File), which provides the ability to specify the material and texture of each surface, as well as the possibility of curved triangular faces. The image from the antenna can then be converted into commands that are executed by the 3D printer according to the printing method used. In doing so, the model may be sliced (e.g., each slice may correspond to an x-y plane, with successive layers making up the z-dimension) and each slice coded in a series of instructions. The instructions sent to the 3D printer may include numerical control (NC) or computer NC (CNC) instructions, preferably in the form of G-code (also known as RS-274), which contain a series of instructions , which determine how the SD printer moves. The instructions differ depending on the type of 3D printer used, but for the example of a moving printhead, the instructions include how the printhead should move, when / where to deposit material, the type of material to be deposited, and the flow rate of the deposited material.
    The antenna described herein may be embodied in such a machine-readable model, such as a machine-readable card, or instructions to enable, for example, a physical representation of the antenna through the use of SD printing. This may be in the form of a software code mapping of the antenna and / or commands sent to the 3D printer (for example, as a numerical code).
    Other examples and variations are contemplated within the scope of the appended claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    An antenna (10) having at least one antenna element (12) disposed in a well of a grounded conductor, wherein a wall (16) of the well is configured to extend outward from a narrow base (17) within the well widened to a wider mouth, and the wall is configured to provide a ground plane for the at least one antenna element (12) and the at least one antenna element (12) comprises a conductive plate perpendicular to the mouth of the recess and wall (16 ) and configured to form a slot between the edge (6) of the at least one antenna element (12) and the wall (16) of the recess.
    [2]
    2. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the at least one antenna element (12) comprises at least two antenna elements (12, 12).
    [3]
    The antenna of claim 2, wherein the antenna comprises at least two signal couplings (34, 34), each for connection to a corresponding one of the at least two antenna elements (12, 12) for driving one of the at least two antenna elements with respect to the grounded conductor are configured.
    [4]
    4. The antenna according to one of the preceding claims designed for transmitting and / or receiving a plurality of independent signals.
    [5]
    The antenna of any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the at least two antenna elements are each configured to provide different bandwidths and / or a different center frequency.
    [6]
    6. The antenna according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one antenna element (12) comprises a half-Vivaldi antenna element.
    [7]
    The antenna of any one of claims 1 to 6 or any of the preceding claims, when dependent thereon, wherein the wall (16) of the recess is configured to extend from the edge (6) of the at least one antenna element (12) along the length of removing the slot.
    [8]
    The antenna of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the antenna element (12) comprises at least one line inhibitor (121) to inhibit the flow of surface current on the antenna element (12).
    [9]
    The antenna of any one of the preceding claims, wherein a surface of the grounded conductor comprises a diffuser (161) projecting from the surface.
    [10]
    10. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the at least one antenna element protrudes from the recess, for example, wherein the recess protrudes from the mouth of an edge of the antenna element that is opposite to the slot the recess protrudes.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    CH710383A2|2016-05-13|Antenna device with slot antenna
    DE60106403T2|2006-02-23|Dielectric resonator antenna with multiple segments
    EP1782502B1|2012-10-10|Antenna structure with patch elements
    DE60308409T2|2007-09-20|MULTI-STREAM LENS WITH PHOTONIC BELT MATERIAL
    EP3025394B1|2017-08-30|Broadband omnidirectional antenna
    DE112012002226T5|2014-04-24|Radar array antenna
    EP1024552A2|2000-08-02|Antenna for radio communication terminals
    DE602004011276T2|2009-01-15|Antenna and radio with such an antenna
    EP2803952B1|2019-07-10|Measuring device control for determining a topology of a surface of a bulk material
    DE102009054526B4|2021-10-07|Dielectric loaded antenna with inner cavity section
    DE102008056729B3|2010-05-12|RFID antenna system
    DE10339675A1|2004-04-22|Multiband ring-focus dual reflector antenna system
    DE102004057774A1|2006-06-01|Mobile radio aerials for operation in several frequency bands, with several dipole radiator, in front of reflector, radiating in two different frequency bands, with specified spacing of radiator structure, radiator elements, etc
    DE2354550A1|1975-05-15|DOUBLE CIRCULAR ANTENNA
    DE102016007265A1|2016-12-22|Array antenna and radar system for vehicles, which has these
    DE102016101583B4|2017-09-07|Radom
    DE69832592T2|2006-08-10|DEVICE FOR RECEIVING AND SENDING RADIO SIGNALS
    EP3220480B1|2019-01-09|Dipole-shaped radiator assembly
    DE112019000410T5|2020-10-01|A dielectric resonator antenna having first and second dielectric sections
    DE102016014385A1|2018-06-07|Dual polarized horn
    DE102016012729B4|2018-07-12|Antenna for horizontally polarized waves using a series feed mode
    WO2019002348A1|2019-01-03|Near-field radar device, land vehicle, aircraft or watercraft, use of a radar device, method for operating a radar device, and computer program
    EP3309899A1|2018-04-18|Radar antenna for a fill level measuring device
    DE102007048873B4|2016-04-21|Coaxial feed slot array antenna and vehicle radar device
    DE69907948T2|2004-05-19|DIELECTRIC LAMINATED REFLECTOR FOR PARABOLA
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    KR102362692B1|2022-02-15|
    GB2534245A|2016-07-20|
    GB2563505A|2018-12-19|
    EP3204982B1|2018-08-29|
    GB2534245B|2019-07-31|
    WO2016055657A3|2016-06-09|
    GB201811563D0|2018-08-29|
    JP6611800B2|2019-11-27|
    GB2563507A|2018-12-19|
    GB201418497D0|2014-12-03|
    KR20170055567A|2017-05-19|
    WO2016055657A2|2016-04-14|
    GB201810506D0|2018-08-15|
    AU2015329937A1|2017-04-06|
    GB201510361D0|2015-07-29|
    US20180241124A1|2018-08-23|
    GB201507582D0|2015-06-17|
    CN106463838B|2021-01-01|
    CH710383B1|2021-03-31|
    GB201517924D0|2015-11-25|
    GB2531082A|2016-04-13|
    EP3204982A2|2017-08-16|
    RU2702861C2|2019-10-11|
    RU2017115652A|2018-11-12|
    RU2017115652A3|2019-04-10|
    JP2017535179A|2017-11-24|
    GB2563505B|2019-05-15|
    AU2015329937B2|2020-04-02|
    CN106463838A|2017-02-22|
    US10454169B2|2019-10-22|
    GB2531082B|2018-04-04|
    GB2563507B|2019-05-15|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    IT1209322B|1979-05-30|1989-07-16|Siemens Ag|SECONDARY RADAR TRANSPONDER.|
    JPS595705A|1982-07-01|1984-01-12|Fujitsu Ltd|Microwave antenna circuit|
    US4571593B1|1984-05-03|1992-12-22|Bel Tronics Ltd|
    US4651115A|1985-01-31|1987-03-17|Rca Corporation|Waveguide-to-microstrip transition|
    USH2016H1|1986-03-05|2002-04-02|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force|Mono-blade phase dispersionless antenna|
    JPH0693569B2|1989-09-26|1994-11-16|ユピテル工業株式会社|Microwave detector|
    JP2650234B2|1991-12-19|1997-09-03|株式会社リコー|Indoor communication system|
    US5748153A|1994-11-08|1998-05-05|Northrop Grumman Corporation|Flared conductor-backed coplanar waveguide traveling wave antenna|
    US5754144A|1996-07-19|1998-05-19|The Regents Of The University Of California|Ultra-wideband horn antenna with abrupt radiator|
    FR2778500B1|1998-05-05|2000-08-04|Socapex Amphenol|PLATE ANTENNA|
    AU5206199A|1998-06-25|2000-01-10|Regents Of The University Of California, The|A low cost impulse compatible wideband antenna|
    US6351246B1|1999-05-03|2002-02-26|Xtremespectrum, Inc.|Planar ultra wide band antenna with integrated electronics|
    GB0108696D0|2001-04-05|2001-05-30|Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv|A transition from microstrip to waveguide|
    JP2004527181A|2001-04-26|2004-09-02|ザ ユニバーシティ オブ ブリティッシュ コロンビア|Ultra wideband antenna|
    WO2002089254A1|2001-04-27|2002-11-07|Lfk-Lenkflugkörpersysteme Gmbh|Antenna elements for a missile|
    US6842141B2|2002-02-08|2005-01-11|Virginia Tech Inellectual Properties Inc.|Fourpoint antenna|
    US20030210197A1|2002-05-08|2003-11-13|Lockheed Martin Corporation|Multiple mode broadband ridged horn antenna|
    FR2850794A1|2003-01-30|2004-08-06|Thomson Licensing Sa|BROADBAND ANTENNA WITH OMNIDIRECTIONAL RADIATION|
    TWI267230B|2004-06-15|2006-11-21|Lin Ting Yu|Ultra wide band planner volcano smoke antenna|
    US7388537B2|2005-10-14|2008-06-17|Escort Inc.|Radar detector with reduced emissions|
    US7358901B2|2005-10-18|2008-04-15|Pulse-Link, Inc.|Antenna system and apparatus|
    US8228242B2|2009-09-25|2012-07-24|Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications Ab|Ultra wide band secondary antennas and wireless devices using the same|
    US8305280B2|2009-11-04|2012-11-06|Raytheon Company|Low loss broadband planar transmission line to waveguide transition|
    US8531344B2|2010-06-28|2013-09-10|Blackberry Limited|Broadband monopole antenna with dual radiating structures|
    US20120154221A1|2010-12-20|2012-06-21|Mccorkle John W|Electrically small octave bandwidth non-dispersive uni-directional antenna|
    CN202050057U|2011-03-23|2011-11-23|四川省视频电子有限责任公司|Novel S-frequency band reflection cavity feed source antenna|
    US9627777B2|2011-08-10|2017-04-18|Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc|Broad band antennas and feed methods|
    US8552813B2|2011-11-23|2013-10-08|Raytheon Company|High frequency, high bandwidth, low loss microstrip to waveguide transition|
    CN102664307B|2012-05-18|2014-05-14|哈尔滨工业大学|Slot-loaded multi-frequency printed antenna|
    CN102969557B|2012-09-29|2015-04-22|电子科技大学|Vivaldi antenna array|
    US9000991B2|2012-11-27|2015-04-07|Laird Technologies, Inc.|Antenna assemblies including dipole elements and Vivaldi elements|
    US20140253403A1|2013-03-09|2014-09-11|Benjamin F. Walpole|Low Profile Double-Ridged Horn Antenna For Mobile Communications|
    US9705185B2|2013-04-11|2017-07-11|Raytheon Company|Integrated antenna and antenna component|
    CN203596414U|2013-11-29|2014-05-14|深圳光启创新技术有限公司|Tapered slot antenna and phased array antenna thereof|
    JP6490439B2|2015-02-05|2019-03-27|国立研究開発法人情報通信研究機構|Radio wave reflector|CN107275772A|2017-06-14|2017-10-20|电子科技大学|Miniaturization Vivaldi antennas based on bending minor matters loading technique|
    WO2019096376A1|2017-11-15|2019-05-23|Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.|Antenna system for a wireless communication device|
    CN110011041B|2019-03-22|2021-02-09|深圳大学|Novel mobile communication base station antenna device based on 3D medium printing|
    CN110112561A|2019-06-06|2019-08-09|昆山瀚德通信科技有限公司|A kind of single-polarized antenna|
    KR102358474B1|2021-01-29|2022-02-08|홍익대학교 산학협력단|Vivaldi antenna device having pyramid shaped conductor wing|
    法律状态:
    2019-05-15| PUE| Assignment|Owner name: KATHREIN SE, DE Free format text: FORMER OWNER: SWISSCOM AG, CH |
    2019-09-13| AZW| Rejection (application)|
    2019-09-13| NV| New agent|Representative=s name: SCHMAUDER AND PARTNER AG PATENT- UND MARKENANW, CH |
    2020-05-29| AEN| Modification of the scope of the patent|Free format text: :DIE PATENTANMELDUNG WURDE AUFGRUND DES WEITERBEHANDLUNGSANTRAGS VOM 5.09.2019 REAKTIVIERT. |
    2020-06-15| AZW| Rejection (application)|
    2020-11-13| PUE| Assignment|Owner name: TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET LM ERICSSON (PUBL), SE Free format text: FORMER OWNER: KATHREIN SE, DE |
    2020-11-13| NV| New agent|Representative=s name: ISLER AND PEDRAZZINI AG, CH |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP14188557|2014-10-10|
    GB1418497.2A|GB2531082B|2014-10-10|2014-10-17|Half-ridge horn antenna array arrangement|
    GBGB1507582.3A|GB201507582D0|2014-10-10|2015-05-01|Antenna apparatus and method|
    GB1510361.7A|GB2534245B|2014-10-10|2015-06-12|Slot antenna with surface current inhibitor|
    [返回顶部]